Medicine & Health Corner

Posts Tagged ‘dengue fever’

Coming rainy season, dengue fever sufferers continues to grow. Even sometimes the hospital must provide additional beds for dengue patients. This disease knows no age, can affect adults, children, and toddlers.

Can even cause death especially in children and often lead to extraordinary events or outbreaks.

Dengue fever is a contagious disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

MOSQUITO AEDES aegypti

Aedes mosquitoes live and breed in places where clean water reservoir that is not directly related to the soil such as bath / wc, water birds, water jars / barrels, cans and old tires, etc..

The development of this mosquito life from egg to adult takes about 10-12 days. Only female mosquitoes bite and suck blood and human blood chose to mature their eggs, the male mosquito lives of flower plants. The ability to fly ranged between 40-100 meters from the developing biaknya. The place is a favorite resting objects hanging in the house, such as Gordyn, mosquito nets, clothes / clothing in a dark room and humid.

CLINICAL SYMPTOMS Dengue Fever

• Usually characterized by 4 main clinical symptoms; high fever 2-7 days, the phenomenon of bleeding, liver enlargement and circulatory failure / shock.
• The symptoms of the broadcaster; headache, muscle pain, onset of rash / redness in the skin, bone pain, nausea, heartburn.
• The phenomenon of bleeding that often happens is that emerge red blotches on the face and arms, legs and palate. Nosebleeds and bleeding gums can also occur. More severe conditions can cause bleeding in the body’s organs.
• Laboratory support: thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100,000 / MM3), hemokonsentrasi (Ht levels over 20% of normal).
• Is a critical phase when the temperature falls, ie between the third and fifth day. Increased risk of shock (sweat a lot, nervous. Ujung cold hands feet) and can be fatal.

Not all people with dengue fever should be treated, if the complaint of fever, accompanied by only one symptom; headache, muscle, bone and outpatient quite encouraged to rest as long as fever. Febrifuge and giving peroral fluids and electrolytes, fruit juice, syrup, milk and white water addition, it is recommended to monitor the temperature, the number of platelets and hematrokit to normal again. If you have good skin hemorrhage arising directly or through a tourniquet test should be in the care and observation in hospital.

Dengue Fever FIGHTING STRATEGY

Effective prevention should be carried out jointly integral between communities, government and health workers.

Eradication efforts include:

Prevention, known as the movement of 3 M, ie;

1. drain the water reservoirs on a regular basis at least once a week or abate powder sprinkled into it.
2. seal water reservoirs
3. bury / remove old items that can hold rainwater, such as tin cans, plastic, etc.

Eradication of the vector / mosquito; spraying / fogging focus on the location of cases encountered.

1. Visits to ruamh-house for monitoring and abatisasi larvae.
2. Counseling and communal work activities 3M.

Message for parents

If your child develops a high fever for more than 2 days consult a physician, while providing adequate fluids and fever-lowering drugs.

If your child expressed dengue fever suspects who were returned it;

1. control every day to the hospital was still feverish immersion.
2. febrifuge provided when needed.
3. give drink at least 4-6 glasses per day, in addition to white water can be given the sweet, syrup, fruit juice, oralit, etc..
4. If at any time found the gravity signal, ie; child was limp, cold body especially hands and feet, constantly vomiting, cramps, nosebleeds, bleeding others. Soon the child was brought back to the hospital.

Dengue fever (DF) or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febril disease found in tropical areas, with geographic distribution similar to malaria. The disease is caused by one of the four serotypes of the virus from the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Each serotype is different enough so that no cross-protection and epidemics caused by several serotypes (hiperendemisitas) can occur. Dengue fever is spread to humans by the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Here are some of the symptoms of dengue fever:

1. Red Spot
Often at the beginning of fever, no red spots. There are also some cases that are no red spots.

2. High Heat
Heat could fall up, or may not fall at all during the day.

3. Shivering and bone ache
Feeling cold all over and there are certain points on the body’s bone ache.

4. Dispose of black water and hard
This phenomenon is seen when platelets are running low

5. Platelets began to fall
Platelet levels can be known by blood tests in the laboratory.

6. Pain when eyes looked to the side
Some friends have this pain when glanced to the left and right side.

7. Neck pain
Sometimes, too, swelling in the neck and sore

If you experience a prolonged high heat (more than 1 day) and not cured by taking drugs, try to go to the nearest hospital and check your blood. If you find you’re in platelets below normal limits (normal range: 150000-500000), be careful.

There are ways that can be taken without having to stay in the hospital, but need a strong will to do so. The way it is as follows:

1. Drink water min. 20 medium-sized glasses every day (more is better)
2. Try to lower the heat with hot-lowering medications (eg paracetamol)
3. Some friends and doctors recommend drinking additional ions such as POCARI SWEAT
4. Other beverages recommended: red guava juice to increase platelets (some are suggested: Angkak leaves, guava leaves, etc.)
5. Eat nutritious foods and try to eat in quantity that many (though usually of interest to eat would decrease drastically).

Actually, all the above efforts aim to increase body resistance against dengue fever, because it basically does not have dengue certain drugs (and indeed there is no cure for it). Resilience of the body can be seen from the number of leukocytes in the blood. When the leukocytes started to increase (improve), it is usually platelets, which then increases.

If you are able to do business no.1 from above without any less, you do not have to go to the hospital for hospitalization (save it?)

Note:
If we are hospitalized, consider the drug presented, because there is no medicine that can cure dengue fever that (except for fever). Infusion is necessary, but do not ever want to be given antibiotics (unless there are other diseases). Tablets are usually given vitamins.

Notice also the results of laboratory every day. In fact, if the platelets had increased over the lower limit of normal (platelets graph does not go down again), had normal body heat back (36?C-37?C), blood pressure (tension) is normal, a sign that you’ve started to recover, and you’ve can ask the doctor for outpatient care only.

During the house, trying to drink water as much as possible to keep running. If you are worried and not sure able to outpatient, inpatient stay to your live.

Dengue fever, who did not shudder to imagine? This season disease a scourge for hundreds of thousands of people each year. Eiit! Do not dwell only on his prowess spread the plague. Know the disease is far more important. Unless, you are willing to be victims.

Dengue fever, the exact Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), it has a “reputation” is very good in human misery. In Indonesia, once plagued soul he could swallow hundreds of people, even millions of others. A year later, the death rate (case fatality rate / CFR) due to dengue have penetrated 1% of the total cases reported.

Mothers whose children are many activities outside the home were made anxious. Body heat a little, whatever the cause, the mind immediately drifted to the DBD. Anxiety increasingly become, because in a matter of days, some even within hours, the condition can be directly critical patients. If not handled properly, or too late get help, often difficult life can be saved.

Fuss, although the consultant (especially laymen), sometimes difficult to detect dengue earlier. Almost all acute infections at the beginning of the attack early symptoms resembling dengue. Characteristic of DHF, such as bleeding, skin and other signs of bleeding, often appear only at the end of the period of the disease. So, it would not hurt if you know the way clinical dengue.

Three reaction
Seeing his family genealogy, dengue virus causes dengue, including members of the Flaviviridae family. Its existence could not diteropong through naked eye, because its size is very renik, only about 35 to 45 nanometers. They attack the human body through mosquito bites that break the skin. After the bite of death, created “quiet period nan sweep” for about four days, the dengue virus develops rapidly in the body.

When he felt the number of troops is more than enough, then they increase the attack by entering the blood circulation of viraemia. At that time the patient’s body directly infected and having symptoms of heat. Aliens attack, the body also showed resistance to a particular reaction. This reaction forms differ from one person to another. Differences that would cause him no appearance of clinical symptoms and travel in the next phase of DHF.

But the principle, form the body’s reaction to the presence of dengue virus occur through several stages. The first reaction of a virus neutralization, followed by neutralization of the precipitation that results in small blood vessels in the skin, a rash symptoms. The second reaction, disorder of blood clotting function due to decrease in the number and quality of frozen components of blood, which in turn can cause bleeding.

While the third reaction, occurs in the blood vessels leak, causing discharge plasma components (blood fluid) from the blood vessels to the abdominal cavity. If the agency only reacts first and second form only, then the patient will only suffer from dengue fever. But if all three forms of reaction appeared, be careful, DHF is looking.

Spontaneous bleeding was
Although both caused dengue virus, dengue fever and DHF are like two old twins who are separated both parents, so it has a different character. No wonder that even different clinical manifestations. Dengue fever is not too dangerous or life threatening such as dengue. Fever is the layman often called “symptoms” dengue fever, marked clinical symptoms include fever, pain in the body, rash and bleeding.

Fever attacks may occur suddenly, reach a temperature from 39 to 40 oC. If the stricken children, they will be reluctant to play as usual. This fever usually lasts only about five days, marked out a lot of sweat when the fever ended. Sometimes referred to as fever biphasik, because had normal body temperature, up, then down again as people recover (if it is described, curve looks like a camel’s hump).

Symptoms of heat in dengue fever patients was also accompanied by complaints of pain on the entire body. In general, complained of muscle pain, joint pain, back pain and pain in the eyeball. Complaints increased when the organs were driven. Pain is the layman called “avian bone”, because it attacked the whole body evenly and lost along with tuntasnya fever.

While the rash occurs in early summer, shaped reddish mark on the face, neck and chest. The rash may also appear on the fourth day of illness, the form of patches of small red spots on diseases such as measles. Sometimes, the rash occur only in their hands or feet, such as the specific shape of the hand and foot sock. This latter form is typically arise after the heat down on the fifth day.

Like dengue, dengue fever is also accompanied by bleeding, but not always in the form of spontaneous bleeding. Even in most patients, the bleeding had emerged after the tourniquet test. The forms of spontaneous bleeding that may occur generally in the form of small bleeding (petechiae) and slightly larger in the skin (echimosis), bleeding gums or nose, and sometimes massive hemorrhage that ended with the death.

In some children, summer is always accompanied by the emergence of a nosebleed (epistaksis). In the medical world, “habit” is known as a habitual epistaksis, the result temporary abnormalities of the disorder of infection (not necessarily because dengue virus). There are also children who, when experiencing heat illness and certain medications will heat the nose bleed. In the patients of the above, giving febrifuge more should be done with caution.

There are no special medicine
What about Dengue? Form the first and second reaction exactly as dengue fever. What distinguishes the two “twins” are the three forms of reaction. In DHF, the manifestation of clinical symptoms of the third reaction is more severe, form of blood plasma out of the blood vessels, then into the abdominal cavity and the cavity of the lung membrane.

If not immediately addressed, the action can cause dengue very massive bleeding. This bleeding is often forced doctors to give blood transfusions unimaginable amount. That’s why important to know, when a DHF patient begins to experience discharge plasma (fluid) of blood from the blood vessels. Based on experience, this blood plasma discharge (if any), usually occurs on the third day of illness until the fourth.

There are some danger signs to watch out for DHF patients, especially children. For example, if the sudden heat that arise directly raised, accompanied by weak body conditions and sluggish. Especially when the heat is also accompanied by flushing occur or redness on the face, neck and chest. Gejala lain yang sering timbul di akhir periode ini adalah panas yang ditunggangi perdarahan kulit, hidung dan gusi.

Do not be trigger-happy if the patient’s body temperature gradually cool, but his condition remained sluggish. Pulse small, but fast. At the touch, the ends of the child’s hands or feet feel cold. Parents who do not understand, must have thought his son’s body temperature had returned to normal, even considered cured, thus failing to take the nearest health facility. In fact, the opposite happened. Ditahap patient is sometimes too late to be saved.

To support the diagnosis of DHF, typically performed laboratory tests. The results will describe the occurrence of elevated levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and increased hematocrit (HCT), accompanied by decrease in platelets to less than 15,000. These changes usually occur, and new fever was detected on the third day until the fifth. That is why doctors often refuse to check a patient’s blood on the first day of fever, or both. Useless, the results must be normal.

In subsequent trips, the number of platelets will continue to fall, began the third day, fourth and fifth. On the sixth day onwards, the number increased trobosit turn, until finally returning to normal position.

The turning point on the sixth day this is what is often mistaken by many as “positive influence” provision of guava. On the sixth day, the number of platelets was already above 15,000. If not accompanied by other diseases koplikasi, patients are usually allowed to go home.

Other investigations are often conducted in the laboratory is testing immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and test Widal test. Widal test is a test for the identification of antibodies the body against disease typhoid fever (typhoid). Test Widal test should be done by the end of the first week of summer or beginning of the second week of heat. If implemented in the early arrival of fever, do not worry about getting maximum results.

Although known as a malignant fever, ironically, there is no medically specific treatment can be given to fight dengue. This disease is self-limiting disease or disease that can heal themselves. The principle of treatment in general is “just” giving fluids and electrolytes, especially sodium and glucose.

Intake of beverages containing electrolytes and glucose fluids, such as water or fruit juice other sweet drinks, can also help overcome the lack of fluid in the patient. How about giving guava?

News guava benefits to increase trobosit till now still confusing. Because there are no clinical studies that prove secar truth.

Thus, the most powerful weapon against dengue (for now) still lies in the extent of knowledge of patients and the people closest. Capitalized, that knowledge, they know when to act. Quick, precise, and accurate.